Vinblastine (pronounced vin-blas-teen) is a chemotherapy drug that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer including leukaemia, lymphoma, breast and lung cancer. This information describes vinblastine, how it is given and some of its possible side effects. It should ideally be read with our general information about chemotherapy and about your type of cancer.

If you have any further questions you can ask your doctor or nurse at the hospital where you are having your treatment, or speak to one of our cancer support service nurses.

Vinblastine is a colourless fluid after being dissolved from powder.

Vinblastine may be given:

• by injection into a vein (intravenously) through a fine tube (cannula) inserted into the vein
• through a central line, which is inserted under the skin into a vein near the collarbone, or into a PICC line, which is inserted into a vein in the crook of the arm.

Each person's reaction to chemotherapy is different. Some people have very few side effects, while others may experience more. The side effects described in this information will not affect everyone who is given vinblastine, and may be different if you are having more than one chemotherapy drug.

We have outlined the most common and less common side effects, so that you can be aware of them if they occur. However, we have not included those that are very rare and therefore extremely unlikely to affect you. If you notice any effects which you think may be due to the drug, but which are not listed in this information, please discuss them with your doctor or chemotherapy nurse.

Lowered resistance to infection Vinblastine can reduce the production of white blood cells by the bone marrow, making you more prone to infection. This effect can begin seven days after treatment has been given, and your resistance to infection usually reaches its lowest point 10–14 days after chemotherapy. Your blood cells will then increase steadily, and will usually have returned to normal levels before your next cycle of chemotherapy is due.

Contact your doctor or the hospital straightaway if:

• Your temperature goes above 38ºC (100.5ºF)
• You suddenly feel unwell (even with a normal temperature).

You will have a blood test before having more chemotherapy, to make sure that your cells have recovered. Occasionally it may be necessary to delay your treatment if the number of blood cells (the blood count) is still low.

Bruising or bleeding Vinblastine can reduce the production of platelets (which help the blood to clot). Let your doctor know if you have any unexplained bruising or bleeding, such as nosebleeds, blood spots or rashes on the skin, and bleeding gums.

Anaemia (low number of red blood cells) While having treatment with vinblastine you may become anaemic. This may make you feel tired and breathless. Let your doctor or nurse know if these are a problem.

Nausea (feeling sick) and vomiting This is usually mild if it occurs at all. If you do feel sick it may begin after the treatment is given and last for up to a day. Your doctor can now prescribe effective anti-sickness (anti-emetic) drugs to prevent or greatly reduce nausea and vomiting. If it is not controlled or continues, tell your doctor, who can prescribe other drugs that may be more effective.

Tiredness and feeling weak You may feel very tired. It is important to allow yourself plenty of time to rest.

Abdominal cramps and constipation It usually helps to drink plenty of fluids, eat a high fibre diet and take gentle exercise. Sometimes you may need to take medicines to stimulate your bowel (laxatives). These can be prescribed by your doctor or bought at a pharmacy.

Hair loss It is very unusual to lose your hair. Some people notice that their hair becomes a little thinner, but not usually enough to be noticeable to other people.

Sore mouth and ulcers Your mouth may become sore, or you may notice small ulcers during this treatment. Drinking plenty of fluids and cleaning your teeth regularly and gently with a soft toothbrush can help to reduce the risk of this happening. Tell your nurse or doctor if you do have any of these problems, as special mouthwashes and medicines to prevent or clear any mouth infection can be prescribed.

Taste changes You may notice that your food tastes different. Normal taste will usually come back after the treatment finishes.

Diarrhoea This can usually be easily controlled with medicine but let your doctor know if it is severe or if it continues. It is important to drink plenty of fluids if you have diarrhoea.

Numbness or tingling in hands or feet This is caused by the effect of vinblastine on nerves and is known as peripheral neuropathy. You may also notice that you have difficulty doing up buttons or other fiddly tasks. Tell your doctor if you notice any numbness or tingling in your hands or feet.

Peripheral neuropathy usually improves slowly a few months after the treatment is finished. Very rarely other nerves may be affected (eg neck nerves) which may cause pain in the jaw or double vision.

Headaches Let your doctor know if you have headaches while having treatment with vinblastine. Medicines can be prescribed to help.

If vinblastine leaks into the tissue around the vein it can damage the tissue in that area. If you notice any stinging or burning around the vein while the drug is being given, or any leakage of fluid from the cannula site it is very important that you tell your doctor or nurse.

If the area around the injection site becomes red or swollen at any time you should either tell the doctor or nurse on the ward, or if you are at home, ring the clinic or ward and ask to speak to the doctor or nurse.

Other medicines Some medicines can be harmful to take when you are having chemotherapy. Let your doctor know about any medications you are taking, including non-prescribed drugs such as complementary therapies and herbal drugs.

Fertility Your ability to become pregnant or father a child may be affected by taking this drug. It is important to discuss fertility with your doctor before starting treatment.

Contraception It is not advisable to become pregnant or father a child while taking vinblastine, as the developing foetus may be harmed. It is important to use effective contraception while taking this drug, and for at least a few months afterwards. Again, discuss this with your doctor.

This section is based on our Vinblastine factsheet which has been compiled using information from a number of reliable sources, including:

• Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (35th edition). Eds. Sweetman et al. Pharmaceutical Press, 2006.
• British National Formulary (52nd edition). British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, September 2006.
• The Chemotherapy Source Book (3rd edition). Ed. Perry. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2001.

For further references, please see general bibliography.